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A solid fuel boiler is the optimal solution for autonomous heating equipment in a private house. However, during its operation, soot, tar, and resin inevitably accumulate on the walls. As a result, the service life of the boiler is reduced, and heat transfer is reduced. Therefore, every owner of such equipment must understand in advance how often boilers need to be cleaned and how to carry it out correctly.
Causes of tar accumulation in the boiler:Cause of soot formation in the boiler
Rapid contamination of boilers occurs when using low-quality fuel, as well as improper organization of its combustion. Coal, firewood, pellets, peat can be used as fuel, which, after combustion, leave deposits on the walls of the equipment - tar, soot, tar. They accumulate mainly on the walls of the furnace, heat exchanger and smoke exhaust system.
Rapid accumulation of soot on the walls of the chimney is observed with a lack of oxygen during combustion, as well as an insufficiently high temperature in the chamber.
Tar is formed in the system in the following cases:
- Incorrect arrangement of the heating system;
- low chimney;
- insufficient air injection into the combustion chamber (in pyrolysis boilers).
Negative consequences for heating equipment
When tar, tar and soot accumulate on the walls of the heating system, heat transfer is significantly reduced: only 2-3 mm of soot reduces the boiler's power by 30%. As a result, you will not be able to quickly and evenly warm up the house, you will not burn fuel efficiently — its consumption will increase significantly.If there is no timely cleaning of solid fuel boilers, the consequences from the heating system can be as follows:
- Failure of elements performing the heating function;
- Corrosion of metal parts of the boiler;
- smoke in the boiler room.
Ways to clean a solid fuel boiler from soot
Every owner of an autonomous heating system faces a natural question: how to clean the boiler from soot, tar and other deposits? Below we will analyze the possible ways. But the main thing to remember is that frequency is important, because even thorough cleaning every six months is unlikely to save the situation.Mechanical boiler cleaning
This cleaning is carried out using tools such as brushes, poker, blades and scrapers. The walls of the combustion chamber are manually cleaned of deposits and then removed with a spatula. The work is performed in cooled equipment.How to clean the boiler from soot if resinous wood was burned in it and the layer of deposits is thick? In this case, more effort is required. First, the boiler must be heated so that the deposits become soft and move away from the walls more easily. Then they should be removed with a brush and a spatula. Finally, the boiler should be heated so that the residues are completely burned out.
Chemical cleaning of a solid fuel boiler
This method requires the use of special products that neutralize tar, tar and soot. How to clean the boiler from carbon deposits by chemical means? There are two ways:
- A special agent is added directly to the fuel, during combustion it interacts with carbon deposits, destroys it and removes it through the chimney.
- An acidic agent is applied to the walls of the equipment, which destroys the deposits. Then it remains to mechanically clean them and remove them.
The steam method
Cleaning is carried out using a steam generator and cannot be done independently at home. You need to involve a specialist.How to clean a solid fuel boiler from tar, tar and soot is up to you. To facilitate this process, as well as reduce the rate of carbon formation on the walls of the equipment, the following recommendations will allow you to comply with the following recommendations:
- refuse to burn resinous firewood - birch, pine;
- make sure that when the boiler is running, a sufficient amount of oxygen enters the combustion chamber;
- Burn dry firewood with a moisture content of less than 20%.